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液壓缸(gang)結構(gou)基本上可以分為缸(gang)筒和缸(gang)蓋、活塞和活塞桿、密封(feng)裝置、緩沖(chong)裝置和排氣(qi)裝置五個部分。今天威(wei)海力建小編著重帶著大(da)家(jia)了(le)解(jie)一下缸(gang)筒和缸(gang)蓋。

 缸筒(tong)和(he)缸蓋

一般(ban)來說，缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)和缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋的結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)和其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的材料有(you)(you)關。工(gong)(gong)作壓力p＜10MPa時(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)；p＜20MPa時(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管；p＞20MPa時(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)。法蘭連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)簡單，容易加工(gong)(gong)，也容易裝拆(chai)(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)和重量都(dou)較(jiao)大(da)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)制(zhi)的缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。半環連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)壁部因開了環形(xing)(xing)槽而削(xue)弱(ruo)了強度，為此有(you)(you)時(shi)要加厚缸(gang)(gang)(gang)壁，它(ta)容易加工(gong)(gong)和裝拆(chai)(chai)，重量較(jiao)輕，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)制(zhi)的缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。螺紋連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)端部結(jie)構(gou)(gou)復雜(za)，外(wai)(wai)徑加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)要求(qiu)保(bao)證內外(wai)(wai)徑同心，裝拆(chai)(chai)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具，它(ta)的外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)和重量都(dou)較(jiao)小，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管或(huo)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)制(zhi)的缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。拉(la)桿(gan)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性大(da)，容易加工(gong)(gong)和裝拆(chai)(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)較(jiao)大(da)，且較(jiao)重。焊接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)簡單，尺(chi)寸(cun)小，但缸(gang)(gang)(gang)底處內徑不易加工(gong)(gong)，且可能引起變(bian)形(xing)(xing)。

叉車起升(sheng)缸活(huo)塞桿動作(zuo)慢、起升(sheng)時門架有間斷(duan)或沖(chong)擊

故障檢查1：系(xi)統油量不足(zu)

故障排除(chu)：加油至油標線

 故障檢查2：密封(feng)不良、油(you)管(guan)(guan)連接不緊造成漏油(you)、油(you)管(guan)(guan)損(sun)壞

故障(zhang)排除：加密封，擰緊管(guan)接(jie)頭，更換油管(guan)

故障檢(jian)查(cha)3：油泵故障致(zhi)供油不足

故障排除：修理(li)或(huo)更換油泵

故障檢查(cha)4：安全閥(fa)調整(zheng)不(bu)當或(huo)損壞(huai)

故障排(pai)除：調整或修(xiu)理安全閥

故障檢查5：液(ye)壓過濾器堵塞

故(gu)障(zhang)排除：清洗或(huo)更換液壓油濾(lv)清器

故障檢查(cha)6：液壓系統中有空氣

故障排除(chu)：將(jiang)空氣(qi)排除(chu)

現象（一）：串漏

原因：

1.壓力迅速上升或者(zhe)缸(gang)壁膨脹，油(you)液進入(ru)間(jian)隙，壓力形成對密封的下行作(zuo)用(yong)，串漏(lou)形成

2.密封環未設計泄(xie)壓槽

防止措施：

1.密封環設(she)計留有泄壓(ya)槽，油液通(tong)過(guo)泄壓(ya)槽，填充溝槽從而壓(ya)縮(suo)O形(xing)圈，產(chan)生密封

原因：

1.運動(dong)速度太快(kuai)

2.有偏心(xin)運(yun)動

3.滑動(dong)面粗糙度不(bu)均勻

4.安裝(zhuang)時扭轉(zhuan)

防止措施：

1.改用唇形密封

2.消除偏心運動

3.修(xiu)改滑動面粗糙度

4.注意安裝

原因：

1.溝槽設(she)計(ji)不合理導致壓縮率太(tai)大(da)：沒有考(kao)慮到材料由于(yu)熱量及化學介質引(yin)(yin)起的變形，或由于(yu)壓力過(guo)大(da)引(yin)(yin)起

防止措施：

1.溝槽的設計(ji)應考慮到材料由于溫度及(ji)化學介質引起的變形